From a design perspective, a wide angle lens is one that projects a substantially larger image circle than would be typical for a standard design lens of the same focal length; this enables either large tilt & shift movements with a view camera, or lenses with wide fields of view.
Normal or medium range zoom lenses, typically in the 35-100mm range, but sometimes extending lower or out to 200mm, these are general purposes lenses for everyday photography.
These long range zoom lenses reach out to 300mm or longer, and are most useful for capturing amazing sports, safari, action, and other scenes.
Nikon Lens Comparison Page; please choose a specific type of lens to explore, or select all lenses!